Maximinus Thrax- Giant in stature and gigantically flawed

The emperor of Rome, in the third century, Severus was returning from an eastern expedition, to celebrate with extensive military games, the birthday of his younger son Geta. The whole country gathered in crowds to watch their emperor and enjoy the spectacle. A young barbarian of enormous stature asked earnestly, in his crude dialect, to be allowed to contend in the wrestling match. As it would have offended the Roman soldiers for this crude barbarian to be successful,  in such a public match, only the toughest and stoutest followers of the camp were sent forward to wrestle with the cheeky barbarian. 

The barbarian wrestled successfully with 16 of the Roman soldiers, one after the other, laying each on the ground. His rewards were some small gifts and also he was permitted to enlist in the emperor’s troops.  The next day, the triumphant barbarian was seen dancing and exulting riotously amid the crowd of new recruits. By such unusual behaviour, he managed to attract the emperor’s notice. Immediately, he ran up to the emperor’s horse and proceeded to run alongside him as the Emperor rode at some pace.

At the end of this horse run, Emperor Severus, thinking the barbarian to be exhausted, cleverly suggested another wrestling match. The barbarian proceeded to overthrow seven of the strongest soldiers in the army. The barbarian, whose name was Maximin, won another prize of a gold collar and was promoted to serve in the house guards whose job it was to protect the sovereign.  The barbarian was descended from his father a Goth  (East Germanic people) and his mother of the nation of the Alini  (Iranian nomadic people). He was subsequently seen to show on every occasion a valour comparable to his enormous strength and a tremendous almost animal-like fierceness. He rose to the rank of centurion and was esteemed by Severus and his son. The fourth Legion, to which Maximin was appointed Tribune, soon became the best disciplined of the whole army. The soldiers applauded their impressive commander and would call him Ajax or Hercules and he was quickly promoted to even higher military command.

Maximinus was, according to all accounts, the biggest man ever to hold the office of Roman emperor.  The History Augusta claims he was 8 foot 6 ins tall and was renown for pulling laden carts single handed. His coins depict a man with a massive head and thick brow and huge, thick nose. Added to this were cold, narrowed eyes and the close-cropped hair of a professional soldier.

Such quick promotion inflamed the barbarian’s growing ambition. Although without much wisdom, he had a selfish cunning nature and years later realised that the new Emperor no longer had the affection of the army and he engineered their growing discontent for his own advantage. Eventually, he put to death the young leader and proclaimed himself emperor. He had a savage appearance and was completely ignorant of arts and had a great fear of the contempt of others. He could remember times waiting at the doors of proud nobles and not even been allowed admittance by their slaves. Those who remembered his previous obscurity were often put to death, even those who had been his benefactors. His baseness and ingratitude knew no limit.   Even without witnesses or without a trial, senators could be put to death and in one case along with 4000 others. On even the smallest accusation a Roman noble could be slaughtered, endure torture and be beaten to death with clubs. Anxious to amass wealth he stripped the temples of their most valuable ornaments of gold and silver and had statues melted down and made into money.

How his wife Caecilia Paulina died is a mystery; contemporary gossip claimed that Maximinus had cut her to pieces in a fit of rage.  It has been suggested that he probably suffered from a form of acromegaly. Of “frightening appearance and colossal size,” he displayed a prominent forehead, large nose, and lantern jaw, typical symptoms of pituitary gland overproduction of growth hormones. Maximinus seems to share some of those characteristics typical of this complaint.

Acromegaly is typically due to the pituitary gland producing too much growth hormone. In more than 95% of cases the excess production is due to a benign tumour.  There are a few famous modern cases of sufferers from this disease like Andre the Giant.  

In fact, as if to back up this premise recently the first complete ancient skeleton of a person with gigantism has been discovered near Rome (as reported in National Geographic), study in Nov 10, 2012 found dating from the same time period as Maximinus.

"At 6 feet, 8 inches tall, the man would have been a giant in third-century A.D. Rome, where men averaged about 5 and a half feet tall. Finding such skeletons is unique, because gigantism itself is extremely rare, today affecting about three people in a million worldwide. The condition begins in childhood, when a malfunctioning pituitary gland causes abnormal growth.

To find out if the skeleton had gigantism, the team examined the bones and found evidence of skull damage consistent with a pituitary tumour, which disrupts the pituitary gland, causing it to overproduce human growth hormone. His early demise—likely between 16 and 20—might also point to gigantism, which is associated with cardiovascular disease and respiratory problems."  

In fact, the life expectancy of a patient, even today, with untreated acromegaly is 50 years. This is because the condition causes cardiomyopathy and ventricular arrhythmia. Just in case you think Maximinus’s height is impossible there are a few more recent examples worth checking out.  The photos are pretty incredible.

Coyne was born in 1897 in Iowa, USA. His 1918 World War I draft card listed his height as 8 feet. His Guinness book of records entry states that he was refused entry to the war due to his height. At the time of his death it was possible that he had reached the height of 8 foot 4 inches.

Edouard Beaupré, born in 1881, was a circus sideshow freak, a strong man, and a star in Barnum and Baileys. He was the eldest of 20 children and was born in Canada. While he was of normal height during his first few years of life, by the age of nine he was 6 feet tall. His death certificate showed him as being 8’3″ and still growing. As a strongman, his feature stunt was crouching down and lifting a horse to his shoulders. He reportedly lifted horses as heavy as 900 pounds.

Leonid Stadnyk (8 feet 5 inches) was born in 1971 in the Ukraine. He is a registered veterinary surgeon and lives with his mother. He is currently the world’s tallest human according to the Guinness Book of Records.

Johan was born in America the year that his mother moved there from Norway. Interestingly his mother was also a giant, at 7’2″. According to his death certificate from Mendocino State Hospital, at the time of death he was 9’2″ – if this is true then he is the tallest recorded human – beating Robert Wadlow below, by 3 inches. He is buried in Montana.

Robert Wadlow was (8′ 11.1″) and was often referred to as the Alton giant because he came from Alton, Illinois. At the time of his death he weighed 440 pounds and showed no signs of stopping growing. He was born in 1918, the oldest of five children. He died at the age of 22 from an infection caused by a blister on his ankle, which he got while making a professional appearance at the National Forest Festival.

Interestingly, so many of the above giants are referred to as gentle characters.  It seems Maximinus shared their height but not their placid natures. What a terrifying spectacle he must have made in the third century!

So leaders can be killers and often are

Am posting this here as new website a bit slow these days -sorry if you have already seen it!

People sense things about others.  My mother swears her first impressions are always spot on.  Mine are totally crap.  It’s not just that I lack that intuitive feel for people; it’s something more fundamental than that.  Lately, I have begun to suspect I am a hermit in a modern world.  Think about it, what social skills do hermits need?  None, in fact in a certain light a desire for social interactions is a positive flaw.  You can’t have a hermit hanging out on street corners gabbing away about the local gossip.  Neither, do you want a talkative hermit with the broadcast signal ever on.  No, you want silence, introspection, a tendency to prefer your own company and a genuine desire for solitude.

Perhaps, first impressions were evolved by the sociable among us after their initial forage into community dynamics around Stone Age fires.  After chatting to enough fur clad companions these extraverts began to figure out who would respond willingly to conversation gambits and who would respond with a club to your head.  This over centuries morphed into an intuitive feel for different types, perhaps fuelled by common gestures, speech patterns, physical habits etc After all, most of us can tell when relatives are sulking, moody or bad tempered.  They don’t have to verbalise such distress, banging doors, awkward silences and even the way in which they perch uncomfortably on a chair say it all.  Gradually, those proficient in first impressions began to use their newfound skills.  It’s not a big jump from understanding your audience to manipulating and directing them.  Maybe, our first leaders emerged from this very cohort, skilled in the art of reading others, they could have used it to attain positions of authority.  No wonder intertribal warfare became common.  Into the mix comes different groups with their own loyalties and impervious to the group manipulation of their rivals. 

You can see it all evolving nicely with politicians and sales people emerging from this early branch of extraverts.  So if this holds true, what happened to the hermit?  Well, perhaps being on your own lends itself to development of crafts and arts.  It allows extra time to fine hone skills that only the extended isolation from others permits.  Some philosophers and scientists perhaps, could also trace their evolutionary roots back to the hermits in caveman days, loners who had time to examine sunsets on a mountain top, contemplate the grain of a wooden club.  But it is not all rosy in the hermitage.

Psychopaths and violent criminals also usually spring from hermit stock.  Studies have show that the majority of criminals at the vilest end of the scale have not yet mastered the social skills of toddlers.  Such people have often cannot even manage basic eye contact when speaking, nor learned rudimentary body language cues. So there you have it.  Hermit or socialite?  Are you adept at social skills, reading people, responding to their overtures?  Or are you happier in your own company, introspective and socially constipated?

Mind you it makes sense in caveman society that if you are a violent killer, there would be a high likelihood of some community minded individual clubbing you to death in your sleep.  After all, one of the advantages of community living is that one’s faults are plain for all to see.  Indeed one of the little known facts about psychotic aggressives is that, generally, they move frequently causing little oasis of pain in their wake.  Out of proportion to the number of social contacts most of us have.  The advantage of moving is that they can often evade detection by exiting when their activities begin to reach night time clubbing proportions or in today’s parlance, when they come onto police radar. 

But there are psychotic individuals who perversely rise to the very top.  Probably, the caveman example would be the violent oppressor who manages to rule the community with fear and impunity.  Despite their violent tendencies such characters have usually cloaked themselves in the disguise of a greater cause.  Thus, justifying their mass murders.   You may well think I’ve lost the plot here but you need only look back to   Stalin, Russia (through his land programme and The Great Terror caused the death of millions), Hilter, Germany (including six million Jewish people in the Nazi genocide) and in case you think World War 2 was an exception, later the killing propensity of leaders went on with Mao Zedong, China (40–70 million people through starvation and executions).  The list goes on, stretching not just back into the past but depressingly on up to present days.  So leaders can be killers and often are.  The question is, are they hermits with killer tendencies or extraverts with murderous intent?  I have come to no conclusions except two suggestions:

1. My conviction that things will improve when we elect leaders not because they want the position of power but because they are capable of serving a nation. 
2. It would also help if the horrendous tortuous process of becoming and staying a leader did not deform even normal decent human beings into a shadow of their former selves.  You may be a hermit or an extravert or somewhere in the middle but do spare a thought for those in power whatever they started off, corruption seems to set in sooner or later!